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heat waves, precipitation, storm surges) is expected to increase in many regions. Additionally, this does not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.Ĭoincident with rapid global climate change, the frequency of extreme events (e.g. Harvey & Associates) but the authors also maintain that no aspect of the submitted work has been/is in any way influenced by this affiliation. Ainley is employed by a commercial company (H.T. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: David G. DG is funded by CNRS and the French Polar Institut (IPEV) within the ADACLIM program (grant 388).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Financial support was provided by NSF grants OPP 9526865, 9814882, 0125608, 04406411. Received: ApAccepted: DecemPublished: January 29, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Lescroël et al. PLoS ONE 9(1):Įditor: Sébastien Descamps, Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway This questions the predictive power of relationships built on past observations, when not only the average climatic conditions are changing but the frequency of extreme climatic anomalies is also on the rise.Ĭitation: Lescroël A, Ballard G, Grémillet D, Authier M, Ainley DG (2014) Antarctic Climate Change: Extreme Events Disrupt Plastic Phenotypic Response in Adélie Penguins. Importantly, it also provides evidence that extreme climatic events can disrupt response plasticity in a wild seabird population. Our study suggests that lower summer SIC than currently observed would benefit the foraging performance of Adélie penguins in their southernmost breeding area. The ‘natural experiment’ uncoupled efficiency levels from SIC variations. Maximum foraging efficiency occurred at relatively low SIC, peaking at 6.1% and decreasing with higher SIC. Significant levels of phenotypic plasticity were evident in response to changes in SIC in normal environmental conditions. A ‘natural experiment’ brought by the exceptional presence of giant icebergs during 5 consecutive years provided unprecedented habitat variation for testing the effects of extreme events on the relationship between SIC and foraging efficiency in this sea-ice dependent species. Using 13 years of longitudinal data, we investigated the effect of sea ice concentration (SIC) on the foraging efficiency of Adélie penguins ( Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding in the Ross Sea. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.In the context of predicted alteration of sea ice cover and increased frequency of extreme events, it is especially timely to investigate plasticity within Antarctic species responding to a key environmental aspect of their ecology: sea ice variability. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file.

Iceberg with penguins software#

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Iceberg with penguins license#

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